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Atrocities in the Congo Free State
During the period that the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo was controlled by Leopold II of Belgium, large numbers of atrocities and deaths occurred. Some historians have termed this a genocide, though the use of the term is disputed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=King Leopold's Ghost )〕 The atrocities began soon after Leopold gained control of the region in 1884 and lasted until an international campaign forced the territory to be turned over to the Belgium in 1908.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Laws of Genocide )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide )〕
Estimates of the death toll range from one million to fifteen million, since accurate records were not kept. Historians Louis and Stengers in 1968 stated that population figures at the start of Leopold's control are only "wild guesses", and that attempts by E. D. Morel and others to determine a figure for the loss of population were "but figments of the imagination".
==Background==
Leopold stated that he was trying to protect the people of the Congo from Arab slavers, and to open the nation to Christian missionaries as well as Western capitalists.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC NEWS - Africa - King Leopold's legacy of DR Congo violence )〕 Under the name the International African Society, Leopold stated he was doing “philanthropic” and “scientific” efforts. It has been stated that Leopold enacted "work camps, body mutilations, torture, executions, and his own private army". The people of the Congo had no laws or restrictions to protect themselves from the brutality of Leopold. Many chiefs in Africa were tricked into signing away their rights by Henry Morton Stanley.〔https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/30/daily/leopold-book-review.html〕 Many atrocities were committed by Leopold's private army called the Force Publique.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Belgium confronts its colonial demons )〕 Mark Twain wrote a book called ''King Leopold’s Soliloquy; A Defense of His Congo Rule'' which detailed the violence of his reign in the Congo. In an effort to cover up his genocide it was alleged that Leopold burned paperwork which took over three days.〔 He allegedly stated "I will give them my Congo," the king is reported saying, "but they have no right to know what I did there."〔 Leopold has been called one of history's biggest mass murderers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Belgium's Heart of Darkness )〕 The death total was estimated to be between two and ten million people, which puts Leopold within the top 10 of mass murderers in the world.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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